[Digestion] Human waste VS content

Wed Aug 9 03:35:42 CDT 2006

Paul

These are the tables I have been using, taken from my book. The ones for 
different types of waste are from a very old US book, but I cannot find the 
reference at the moment, as I do not have a copy of my book to hand.

David

At 13:53 09/08/2006 +0930, Paul Harris wrote:
>Thanks for all the information forwarded
>
>Kyle Meisterling wrote:
> >
> > Hello all,
> > See table 4-21 for VS content of human excrement:
> > <ftp://ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/downloads/wastemgmt/AWMFH/awmfh-chap4.pdf>
> >
> > (NRCS, Ag Waste Mgt Field Handbook)
> >
> > --Kyle
> >
> > _______________________________________________
> > Digestion mailing list
> > Digestion at listserv.repp.org
> > http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>
>--
>Mr. Paul Harris
>Faculty of Sciences, DP710
>The  University of Adelaide, Roseworthy Campus, AUSTRALIA 5371
>Ph    : +61 8 8303 7880
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>mailto:paul.harris at adelaide.edu.au
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*** Dr David Fulford, Energy Group, Engineering Building       ***
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<H2>Tables of Biogas Information</H2>
<UL><A NAME="index"></A>
<LI><A HREF="#tab1">Table 1</A>.  Properties of dung from various animals</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tab2">Table 2</A>.  Carbon and nitrogen content of feedstocks</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tab3a">Table 3a</A>. Rate constants for cattle dung in batch plants</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tab3b">Table 3b</A>. Rate constants for cattle dung in continuous plants</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tab4">Table 4</A>. Gas Consumption of various biogas appliances</LI>
<LI><A HREF="#tab5">Table 5</A>. Properties of biogas</LI>
</UL>
<P><a href="biogasmodel1.htm"><img border="0" src="images/nextpage.jpg" width="25" height="25"></a>Back to biogas modelling</P>
<H3><A NAME="tab1"></A>Table 1.  Properties of dung from various animals</H3>
<TABLE BORDER width="821">
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">Animal</TD><TD align="center" width="195">Wet Dung (kg d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">Biogas          (m<sup>3</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD>
<TD align="center" width="133">Total Solid (%)</TD>
<TD align="center" width="171">Volatile Solid (%TS)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">Buffalo</TD><TD align="center" width="195">14</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">0.45
to 0.48</TD><TD align="center" width="133">16 to  20</TD>
<TD align="center" width="171">77</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">Cow</TD><TD align="center" width="195">10</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">0.28  to 0.34</TD>
<TD align="center" width="133">16 to  20</TD><TD align="center" width="171">77</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">Pig</TD><TD align="center" width="195">5</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">0.28  to 0.34</TD>
<TD align="center" width="133">25</TD><TD align="center" width="171">80</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">100 hens</TD><TD align="center" width="195">7.5</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">0.42
to 0.51</TD><TD align="center" width="133">48</TD>
<TD align="center" width="171">77</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD align="center" width="107">Human</TD><TD align="center" width="195">0.2</TD>
<TD align="center" width="181">0.011
to 0.014</TD><TD align="center" width="133">15 to  20</TD>
<TD align="center" width="171">90</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A HREF="#index">Back to Index of Tables</A>
<H3><A NAME="tab2"></A>Table 2.  Carbon and nitrogen content of feedstocks</H3>
<TABLE BORDER width="787">
<TR>
<TD width="157">Material</TD><TD width="109" align="center">C:N</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">N (%)</TD><TD width="110" align="center">C (%)</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">Water (%)</TD><TD width="161">Comments</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Cattle dung </TD><TD width="109" align="center">20 to 30</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">3 to 4</TD><TD width="110" align="center">35 to
40</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">72 to 85</TD><TD width="161">Grass/grain</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157"></TD><TD width="109" align="center">25 to 35</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">1 to 2</TD><TD width="110" align="center"></TD>
<TD width="131" align="center"></TD><TD width="161">Straw fed</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Horse dung</TD><TD width="109" align="center">25</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">2</TD><TD width="110" align="center">58</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">70 to 80</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Sheep dung</TD><TD width="109" align="center">20</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">3.8</TD><TD width="110" align="center">75</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">68</TD><TD width="161">In pellets</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Pig dung</TD><TD width="109" align="center">14</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">3 to 4</TD><TD width="110" align="center">53</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">82</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Poultry dung</TD><TD width="109" align="center">8</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">3.7</TD><TD width="110" align="center">30 to 35</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">65</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Human faeces </TD><TD width="109" align="center">6 to 10</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">4 6</TD><TD width="110" align="center">40</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">75 to 80</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Human urine</TD><TD width="109" align="center">0.8</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">15 to 18</TD><TD width="110" align="center">13</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">95</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">W. Hyacinth </TD><TD width="109" align="center">15 to 23</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">1 to 9</TD><TD width="110" align="center">24 to
35</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">93 to 95</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="157">Rice straw</TD><TD width="109" align="center">47.2</TD>
<TD width="109" align="center">0.6</TD><TD width="110" align="center">40</TD>
<TD width="131" align="center">5 to 10</TD><TD width="161"></TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A HREF="#index">Back to Index of Tables</A>
<H3><A NAME="tab3a"></A>Table 3a. Rate constants for cattle dung in batch plants</H3>
<TABLE BORDER width="817">
<TR>
<TD width="67"></TD><TD colspan="2" align="center" width="347">Volatile Solids</TD>
<TD colspan="2" align="center" width="381">COD</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67">Temp. (&#176;C)</TD><TD width="150" align="center">Yield Const. <I>C</I> (m<sup>3</sup> kgVS)</TD>
<TD width="191" align="center">Rate Const. <I>k</I>
<BR>(d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD><TD width="180" align="center">Yield Const <I>C</I> (m<sup>3</sup>kgCOD<sup>-1</sup>).</TD>
<TD width="195" align="center">Rate Const. <I>k</I>
<BR>(d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67" align="center">34</TD><TD width="150" align="center">0.895</TD>
<TD width="191" align="center">0.0129 to 0.0033</TD>
<TD width="180" align="center">0.513</TD><TD width="195" align="center">0.0188
to 0.0054</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67" align="center">25</TD><TD width="150" align="center">0.829</TD>
<TD width="191" align="center">0.0068 to 0.0023</TD>
<TD width="180" align="center">0.525</TD><TD width="195" align="center">0.0090
to 0.0031</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67" align="center">16</TD><TD width="150" align="center"></TD>
<TD width="191" align="center"></TD><TD width="180" align="center">0.514</TD>
<TD width="195" align="center">0.0038</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<A HREF="#index">Back to Index of Tables</A>
<H3><A NAME="tab3b"></A>Table 3b. Rate constants for cattle dung in continuous plants</H3>
<TABLE BORDER width="754">
<TR>
<TD width="67"></TD><TD colspan="2" align="center" width="332">Volatile Solids</TD>
<TD colspan="2" align="center" width="333">COD</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67">Temp. (&#176;C)</TD><TD width="169" align="center">Yield Const. <I>C</I> (m<sup>3</sup> kgVS<sup>-1</sup>)</TD>
<TD width="169" align="center">Rate Const. <I>k</I>
<BR>(d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD><TD width="169" align="center">Yield Const <I>C</I> (m<sup>3</sup>kgCOD<sup>-1</sup>).</TD>
<TD width="170" align="center">Rate Const. <I>k</I>
<BR>(d<sup>-1</sup>)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67">34</TD><TD align="center" width="169">0.402</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.083</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.347</TD><TD align="center" width="170">0.081</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67">25</TD><TD align="center" width="169">0.289</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.069</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.237</TD><TD align="center" width="170">0.078</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="67">16</TD><TD align="center" width="169">0.178</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.033</TD>
<TD align="center" width="169">0.164</TD><TD align="center" width="170">0.026</TD>
</TR></TABLE>
<A HREF="#index">Back to Index of Tables</A>
<H3><A NAME="tab4"></A>Table 4. Gas Consumption of various biogas appliances</H3>
<P><B>Biogas consumption (at a pressure of 75 mm H<SUB>2</SUB>O)</B> </P>
<TABLE BORDER width="568">
<TR>
<TD width="276">Biogas appliance</TD><TD width="145" align="center">lit min<sup>-1</sup></TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">m<sup>3</sup> hr<sup>-1</sup></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Gas lamp</TD><TD width="145" align="center">2.4</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">0.14</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Refrigerator burner</TD><TD width="145" align="center">2.4</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">0.14</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Domestic burners</TD><TD width="145" align="center">4  to 15</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">0.2 to  0.9</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Commercial burners</TD><TD width="145" align="center">20 to  50</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">1 to 3</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Dual-fuel engines (kW<sup>-1</sup>) </TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">9</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">0.56</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="276">Spark engines (kW<sup>-1</sup>)  </TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">11.5</TD>
<TD width="145" align="center">0.7</TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
<A HREF="#index">Back to Index of Tables</A>
<H3><A NAME="tab5"></A>Table 5. Properties of biogas</H3>
<TABLE BORDER width="761">
<TR>
<TD colspan="3" width="751">Biogas: assumed 58% CH<sub>4</sub> and 42% CO<sub>2</sub>, saturated with water vapour at 30&#176;C and standard pressure (1 bar)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Calorific value</TD><TD width="276" align="center">21.5 MJ m<sup>-3</sup></TD>
<TD width="172" align="center">(20.1  to 25.9)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Effective molecular weight</TD><TD width="276" align="center">27.35</TD>
<TD width="172" align="center">(24  to 29)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Density</TD><TD width="276" align="center">1.0994 kg m<sup>-3</sup>  </TD>
<TD width="172" align="center">(0.96  to 1.17)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Specific gravity</TD><TD width="276" align="center">0.94</TD>
<TD width="172" align="center">(0.82  to 1.00)</TD>
</TR>

<TR>
<TD width="291">Viscosity</TD><TD width="276" align="center">12.97  10<sup>-6</sup>
Pa  s</TD>
<TD width="172" align="center"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Optimum air to fuel ratio</TD><TD width="276" align="center">5.5:1 </TD>
<TD width="172" align="center">(15% biogas)</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Flammability limits</TD><TD width="276" align="center">9% to 17% biogas in air</TD>
<TD width="172" align="center"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Wobbe number</TD><TD width="276" align="center">22.2 MJ m<sup>-3</sup></TD>
<TD width="172" align="center"></TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD width="291">Burning velocity</TD><TD width="276" align="center">0.25 m s<sup>-1</sup>   in air</TD>
<TD width="172" align="center"></TD>
</TR>
</TABLE>
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