[Digestion] Digestion Digest, Vol 15, Issue 16
Vishwas Gokhale
g_vishwas at vsnl.com
Wed Sep 12 01:47:12 EDT 2007
It is not surprising to find discussions about the crops in the tropical
countries without any relevance the to prevailing conditions in those
countries. Before you can divert any crop for biogas production you must
find out the existing utilization of the crop. For example the sugarcane in
India is grown for producing sugar which goes for human consumption. The
molasses which is byproduct goes for alcohol production and also mainly for
human consumption. The waste water from distilleries is being used for
biogas production which is used as fuel in the boilers.
As regards the crops like Wheat, rice, Jowar it is again used
human consumption. The crop residue is used as cattle feed. And the cattle
dung for biogas production. This in my belief is the optimum utilization of
the crops.
However there is a catch in this situation. Many carbon credit
hungry players are entering in India who want to finance individual farmers
for setting up individual biogas plants. The viability of this plant is so
poor that the price of biogas as a fuel is even less than the labour cost of
the farmer. The cost of labour is conveniently forgotten in all these
calculations. The result is that lack of maitainence leads to failure of
such plants.
In order to make the biogas production viable it is necessary to
make the scale of production sufficiently large with enough automation to
reduce the labour cost. This is possible if the scale of production is
increased to a level where one village one biogas plant concept can be
implemented.
We have already implemented a project of this type. A concept called
gobar bank ( dung bank) is introduced. The dung from the entire village is
collected at one place for which due credit is given to the individual
contributor. The biogas is produced in a biogas plant in which little bit of
automation is introduced which saves lot of labour and human drudgery. The
biogas is upgraded ( Methane enrichment up to 75 to 80 %), and supplied
under pressure in pipelines. This biogas meets the cooking needs of the
entire village. This is possible only because of the co operative approach
and involvement of the individual stakeholders.
There are many improvements possible in this model. The feedstock
which consists only of dung can be supplemented with crop residue. The
entire sewage and food residue of the village can be collected together and
used in the biogas plant. This will increase the biogas potential and will
probably meet the entire energy needs of the village. Presently we are
working on the power generation from the upgraded gas. We are also in the
process of upgrading biogas to a level where it can be used as vehicle fuel.
We look forward to a scenario where the biogas will meet the entire
energy needs of the village ie
1) Cooking fuel
2) Electricity needs
3) Vehicle fuel.
We hope this approach will delay if not prevent the inevitable
environment catastrophe the world is facing.
Vishwas Gokhale
Principal Consultant
GIT Associates
1034/2/B, 6, Annapurna, Model Colony,
Pune 411016, India
http://www.gitassociates.com
-----Original Message-----
From: digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of
digestion-request at listserv.repp.org
Sent: 12 September 2007 00:02
To: digestion at listserv.repp.org
Subject: Digestion Digest, Vol 15, Issue 16
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Today's Topics:
1. Re: Biogas yields for tropical energy crops (Bj?rn Dahlroth)
2. What happens to CO2 when scrubbed out of biogas? (Lou Dobb)
3. Re: "Bio-CNG" why not CBG? (Duncan Martin)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2007 18:58:17 +0200
From: Bj?rn Dahlroth <bjorn.dahlroth at telia.com>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] Biogas yields for tropical energy crops
To: "'Lou Dobb'" <congoagriculture at yahoo.com>, "'Warren Weisman'"
<weiswar at yahoo.com>, <Digestion at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <000901c7f494$f3491a60$8502a8c0 at BJ00120051220>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="iso-8859-1"
Yes
You are missing something. Namely agricultural politics.
Another important thing is of course the distribution/transportation/storage
of the product and how to make the fuel fit into an existing fuel
distribution system. In Sweden we import quite a lot of ethanol from Brazil
for city traffic and for mixing with gasoline but biogas is used here and
there for certain local traffic like city buses, trucks for waste collection
and some private cars. In those cases most of the gas comes from wastewater
treatment plants and old landfills but some is produced from mainly
industrial food waste, a little bit from restaurant food waste and source
separated household food waste and in one case from cultivated pasture crops
(again agricultural politcs).
Regards
Bjorn Dahlroth
-----Ursprungligt meddelande-----
Fr?n: digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org] F?r Lou Dobb
Skickat: den 11 september 2007 00:43
Till: Warren Weisman; Digestion at listserv.repp.org
?mne: Re: [Digestion] Biogas yields for tropical energy crops
Warren, thanks so much for these data. They're a great help.
Meanwhile, I found the following on sugarcane, and it puts us in front of an
interesting question, I think:
=====================
English Title: Sugar cane (Saccharum sp.) juice energetic potential as
substrate in UASB reactor.
Personal Authors: Colen, F., Pasqual, A.
Author Affiliation: Aluno do Programa de P??s-Gradua????o em Agronomia,
Energia na Agricultura, FCA/UNESP, Botucatu/SP, Brazil.
Document Title: Energia na Agricultura, 2003 (Vol. 18) (No. 4) 58-71
http://www.cababstractsplus.org/google/abstract.asp?AcNo=20053101335
Abstract:
The energetic potential of sugarcane juice was studied in an upflow
anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) of 7.78 litres useful volume,
working at a temperature of 35??C??1??C. Before being added to the reactor,
the juice was naturally fermented for 24 hours, with addition of sodium
bicarbonate, urea and diacid potassium phosphate [potassium dihydrogen
phosphate?] to correct the pH (between 6.00 and 6.60) and carbon/nitrogen
and carbon/phosphorus relations respectively. In the reactor, 3 hydraulic
retention times (HRTs) were used: 20 days, 18.78 days and 15.30 days. For
the HRT of 20 days, the affluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 260 304
mg.litre-1 and the effluent COD was 16 991.40 mg.litre-1, an efficiency of
93.47%. The gas volume was 136.33 m3 of biogas.m-3 of juice, its average
composition including 72.43% methane. For the HRT of 18.78 days, the
affluent COD was 272 779 mg.litre-1 and the effluent COD was 8612
mg.litre-1, an efficiency of 96.84%. The gas volume
was 147.42 m3 of biogas.m-3 of juice, its average composition including
72.91% methane. For the HRT of 15.30 days, the COD was reduced by 71.49%.
The gas volume was 103.58 m3 of biogas.m-3 of juice, with an average methane
content of 63.30%. When calculating the energetic potential, the figures
from the HRT of 18.78 days were used, and the amount of energy produced was
found to be 2767.82 MJ (661.21 Mcal) per tonne of processed sugar cane. This
value was extrapolated using the average Brazilian cane productivity (69.50
tonnes per hectare) to give a figure of 192.36 GJ (45.95 Gcal) per hectare;
compared to anhydrous ethanol production, biogas production gave an
efficiency 35.33% higher than that of ethanol. When the energy from
sugarcane bagasse, which is used as energy for ethanol distillation, was
included in the calculations, the energy output increased to 4738.30 MJ.t-1
of processed sugar cane, compared with 2045.27 MJ.t-1 of ethanol, not
considering the bagasse input
in distillation, and the amount of energy obtained using biogas increased
to 131.67% more than the figure for ethanol.
Publisher: Faculdade de Ci??ncias Agrono~circumflex~micas, Universidade
Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
===============
Apparently, digesting an entire sugarcane crop yields far more energy than
converting it into ethanol, even if you take into account that bagasse is
used as a power source for the ethanol plant. I assume that the same is true
for such species as sorghum and other high yielding tropical grass crops.
Now why don't we see big biogas plants all over the developing world? Why
ethanol when biogas would be so much more efficient? Are capital and O&M
costs for anaerobic digesters so much higher than for ethanol plants? I
don't think so. Is it because biogas cannot be transported as easily?
Why isn't anyone digesting tropical grass species on a large scale to ship
the biomethane out as an alternative to natural gas? CNG ships are already
here, so this should be possible.
Why isn't anyone in the (tropical) developing world building dedicated
biogas plants and energy plantations to fuel the poor's CNG-fleet? This must
become a possibility, certainly in remote regions.
I'm confused and very optimistic at the same time.
Deducing a bit: 4750MJ per ton of sugarcane at 80 ton/ha comes down to a
spectacular 10,000 cubic meters of methane per hectare (worth US$ 2300 at
current NG prices).
Common, with that much energy you can power all CNG cars/tricycles in a
typical small village in the developing world for an entire year.
Am I missing something?
Yours, Lou
[PS: sorry for sending this mail twice to you alone, Warren; forgot to check
"reply to all"].
Warren Weisman <weiswar at yahoo.com> wrote:
I think there's so little and so much conflicting data
is that digestion is not an exact science. A small,
well-maintained digester can out-perform a big, fancy
one. The second most important aspect of digestion,
after an airtight environment, is the proper carbon to
nitrogen ratio, which I did not see referred to in the
article.
Here's the volumes from "A Chinese Biogas Manual",
which I consider the best source of information on
digestion and biogas, since its empirical data
gathered from making MILLIONS of digesters...
volumes are per tonne of material:
General Stable Manure 260-280 cu.m. gas 50-60% CH4
Pig Manure 561 cu.m. gas
Horse Manure 200-300 cu.m. gas
Rice husks 615 cu.m. gas
Fresh grass 630 cu.m. gas 70% CH4
Flax stalks or hemp 359 cu.m. gas 59% CH4
Straw 342 cu.m. gas 59% CH4
Leaves from trees 210-294 cu.m. gas 58% CH4
Potato plant leaves & vine, etc. 260-280 cu.m.
Sunflower leaves & stalks 300 cu.m. 58% CH4
Sludge 640 cu.m. 50% CH4
Waste water from wine or spirits making 300-600 cu.m.
58% CH4
--- Lou Dobb wrote:
> Hi all, I'm new to this mailing list. Thanks for the
> very interesting resources and discussions.
>
> I have been trying to find some data on biogas
> yields for tropical energy crops (such as sugarcane,
> sweet sorghum, cassava, sweet potato, grass species,
> tropical sugar beet, etc...). But I can't find much.
>
> In my search I only found data on crops grown in
> temperate and even cold climates (Finland).
>
> E.g. Annimari Lehtom???ki: "Biogas production from
> energy crops and crop residues", Jyv???skyl??? Studies
> in Biological and Environmental Sciences 163, PhD
> Dissertation, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences,
> University of Jyv???skyl???, 2006.
>
> http://dissertations.jyu.fi/studbiol/9513925595.pdf
>
> Could anyone help me compile a list of yields for
> tropical crops?
>
> We could use the list for a wiki, as a basic
> reference.
>
>
> How come there are so little data on this? I don't
> understand.
>
> Best regards,
> Lou
>
>
> ---------------------------------
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> Play Monopoly Here and Now (it's updated for today's
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> _______________________________________________
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> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>
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------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2007 10:14:08 -0700 (PDT)
From: Lou Dobb <congoagriculture at yahoo.com>
Subject: [Digestion] What happens to CO2 when scrubbed out of biogas?
To: Digestion at listserv.repp.org
Message-ID: <493100.9199.qm at web37913.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Okay, I'm a bit of a lay man, but I wonder what happens to the CO2 if it is
scrubbed out of biogas by water washing.
And, importantly, wouldn't it be possible to store this CO2 underground (as
in carbon capture and storage systems; in depleted oil fields)? This would
make biogas carbon-negative.
In principle you could make ultra-clean biogas near a carbon sequestration
site (independently of power plants), store the carbon there, and export the
carbon-negative biomethane which is now upgraded to natural gas quality.
You would get a premium for this carbon-negative gas (carbon currently costs
???20 per ton, but this is expected to increase significantly).
So has anyone thought about coupling biogas production to CCS?
---------------------------------
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------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Tue, 11 Sep 2007 19:31:49 +0100
From: "Duncan Martin" <duncanjmartin at eircom.net>
Subject: Re: [Digestion] "Bio-CNG" why not CBG?
To: "Bingham" <bingham at zekes.com>, <digestion at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <000b01c7f4a2$04cab020$c732869f at Dell1>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Biogas usually means a C02/CH4 mix at around 1:2.
And it's better to avoid abbreviations, except for strictly "internal"
communication, within a specialist group.
(The original proposal (PE-CNG) was clearly intended to "make a statement",
one which I respect and agree with, so was clearly intended for external
communication. As such, however, I think it would fail in its objective,
for the multiple reasons set out in my last posting.)
So I do not myself think CBG would be a great improvement. But lets keep
the ideas flowing in!
Duncan J Martin
Chair
Republic of Ireland Centre
Chartered Institution of Wastes Management
================================
CONTACT DETAILS
Duncan J Martin, PhD, CEng, CSci, MIEI, MCIWM, MIChemE
24 Townsfield, Cloughjordan, N Tipperary, Ireland
Mobile: +353 86 8377 906
Home: +353 505 42087
Email: duncanjmartin at eircom.net
================================
----- Original Message -----
From: "Bingham" <bingham at zekes.com>
To: <digestion at listserv.repp.org>
Sent: Tuesday, September 11, 2007 4:38 PM
Subject: Re: [Digestion] "Bio-CNG" why not CBG?
> What is wrong with Compressed Bio Gas CBG?
> Brent
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Duncan Martin" <duncanjmartin at eircom.net>
> To: "Daniel Musgrove" <dmusgrove at uesolutions.com>;
> <digestion at listserv.repp.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, September 11, 2007 7:04 AM
> Subject: Re: [Digestion] "Bio-CNG"
>
>
>>
>> Let's just call it Compressed Biomethane.
>>
>> Biomethane is admirably clear but fails to distinguish between the
>> compressed and low pressure varieties.
>>
>> GENERAL PRINCIPLES
>> I would prefer to keep the terminology as clear and concrete as possible
>> and
>> to avoid abstractions and abbreviations, especially abbreviations that
>> might
>> be confusing.
>>
>> Concrete terminology is generally preferable. Abstractions such as
>> "present
>> era" will never be understood outside expert circles. Moreover, like the
>> word "sustainable", they can be subverted to mean almost anything.
>>
>> The problem with any reference to CNG is that this term (and the word
>> "natural") have been used for the equivalent fossil fuel for so long that
>> it
>> will be virtually impossible to get the desired distinction clear in the
>> minds of the general public. Of course, biomethane is arguably even more
>> "natural" than fossil "natural* gas" -- but the general public needs
>> clear
>> terminology that does not depend on the arguments of experts.
>>
>> (*This is a perfect example of how an abstract term can be quite
>> ambiguous.
>> Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and dozens of other gases are also
>> natural,
>> either because they are "naturally" present in the atmosphere or because
>> they are "natural" products of living organisms!)
>>
>> My thanks to whoever started this debate. It is really useful to get our
>> ideas clarified, using the "wisdom of the crowd", before we start
>> introducing new terminology. We will all help our shared cause if we can
>> agree on common terminology.
>>
>> Duncan Martin
>>
>>
>>
>> ----- Original Message -----
>> From: "Daniel Musgrove" <dmusgrove at uesolutions.com>
>> To: <digestion at listserv.repp.org>
>> Sent: Monday, September 10, 2007 3:37 PM
>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] "Bio-CNG"
>>
>>
>>> While out in the field, I'm already hearing reference to "bio-CNG", or
>>> just
>>> 'renewable CNG'. For example, I believe City of Los Angeles is getting
>>> ready to study how to get their hands on 'renewable' forms of CNG or LNG
>>> for
>>> their bus and waste collection NGV fleets.
>>>
>>> I personally prefer "bio-CNG" - since in inherently refers back to the
>>> fact
>>> that it is a biologically produced form of methane. We already use
>>> 'biomethane'. Why not stick with bioCNG?
>>>
>>> Daniel Musgrove
>>> Universal Entech, LLC
>>> 3330 West Broadway Road
>>> Phoenix, AZ 85041
>>> (602) 268-8849
>>> dmusgrove at uesolutions.com
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org
>>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of
>>> digestion-request at listserv.repp.org
>>> Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 6:25 PM
>>> To: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Subject: Digestion Digest, Vol 15, Issue 11
>>>
>>> Send Digestion mailing list submissions to
>>> digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>
>>> To subscribe or unsubscribe via the World Wide Web, visit
>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>> or, via email, send a message with subject or body 'help' to
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>>>
>>> When replying, please edit your Subject line so it is more specific
>>> than "Re: Contents of Digestion digest..."
>>>
>>>
>>> Today's Topics:
>>>
>>> 1. Re: PE-CNG A better name! (Warren Weisman)
>>> 2. Re: PE-CNG A better name! (Dr. Ann C. Wilkie)
>>> 3. Re: PE-CNG A better name! (Katahdin Energy Works)
>>> 4. request for information on available biogas technology
>>> training (fest durojaiye)
>>> 5. Biogas yields for tropical energy crops (Lou Dobb)
>>> 6. Re: Biogas yields for tropical energy crops (Warren Weisman)
>>> 7. Re: PE-CNG A better name! (Warren Weisman)
>>>
>>>
>>> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 1
>>> Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2007 09:21:55 -0700 (PDT)
>>> From: Warren Weisman <weiswar at yahoo.com>
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>> To: Ken Calvert <renertech at xtra.co.nz>, digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <229131.66940.qm at web62404.mail.re1.yahoo.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>>>
>>>
>>> I think it was Alejandro who offered CBG and CNG. This
>>> makes since unless CBG already stands for something
>>> I'm not aware of?
>>>
>>> Warren Weisman
>>> USA
>>>
>>>
>>> --- Ken Calvert <renertech at xtra.co.nz> wrote:
>>>
>>>> What about 'Bio-CNG'??
>>>>
>>>> ----- Original Message -----
>>>> From: "Jim and Amy Rankin" <ajrankin at westal.net>
>>>> To: "Warren Weisman" <weiswar at yahoo.com>;
>>>> <digestion at listserv.repp.org>
>>>> Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 12:26 PM
>>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG and CNG
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> >
>>>> > Warren,
>>>> > I would say if you feel "biogas" isn't
>>>> descriptive, what about "Bio-CNG". I
>>>> > think it would be more immediately recognisable
>>>> than the "PE".
>>>> >
>>>> > Jim
>>>> >
>>>> > James R Rankin, DVM
>>>> > Cedarcrest Farms, Inc
>>>> > Faunsdale, AL USA
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >> I'm writing a grant for our biogas bus project
>>>> and
>>>> >> wanted to get the group's opinion on my use of
>>>> the
>>>> >> term PE-CNG for Present Era Compressed Natural
>>>> Gas to
>>>> >> distinguish compressed biogas from the already
>>>> >> accepted term Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), or
>>>> field
>>>> >> gas, a fossil fuel. Let me know if this
>>>> eliminates or
>>>> >> adds to confusion.
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > _______________________________________________
>>>> > Digestion mailing list
>>>> > Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> >
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> > http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Digestion mailing list
>>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>> Shape Yahoo! in your own image. Join our Network Research Panel today!
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>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 2
>>> Date: Sun, 09 Sep 2007 13:04:14 -0400
>>> From: "Dr. Ann C. Wilkie" <acwilkie at ufl.edu>
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>> To: Warren Weisman <weiswar at yahoo.com>
>>> Cc: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <46E4278E.7000308 at ufl.edu>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii; format=flowed
>>>
>>> All,
>>>
>>> How about RNG-renewable natural gas?
>>>
>>> _____________________
>>> Warren Weisman wrote:
>>>
>>>> I think it was Alejandro who offered CBG and CNG. This
>>>> makes since unless CBG already stands for something
>>>> I'm not aware of?
>>>>
>>>> Warren Weisman
>>>> USA
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --- Ken Calvert <renertech at xtra.co.nz> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>What about 'Bio-CNG'??
>>>>>
>>>>>----- Original Message -----
>>>>>From: "Jim and Amy Rankin" <ajrankin at westal.net>
>>>>>To: "Warren Weisman" <weiswar at yahoo.com>;
>>>>><digestion at listserv.repp.org>
>>>>>Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 12:26 PM
>>>>>Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG and CNG
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>Warren,
>>>>>>I would say if you feel "biogas" isn't
>>>>>
>>>>>descriptive, what about "Bio-CNG". I
>>>>>
>>>>>>think it would be more immediately recognisable
>>>>>
>>>>>than the "PE".
>>>>>
>>>>>>Jim
>>>>>>
>>>>>>James R Rankin, DVM
>>>>>>Cedarcrest Farms, Inc
>>>>>>Faunsdale, AL USA
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>I'm writing a grant for our biogas bus project
>>>>>
>>>>>and
>>>>>
>>>>>>>wanted to get the group's opinion on my use of
>>>>>
>>>>>the
>>>>>
>>>>>>>term PE-CNG for Present Era Compressed Natural
>>>>>
>>>>>Gas to
>>>>>
>>>>>>>distinguish compressed biogas from the already
>>>>>>>accepted term Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), or
>>>>>
>>>>>field
>>>>>
>>>>>>>gas, a fossil fuel. Let me know if this
>>>>>
>>>>>eliminates or
>>>>>
>>>>>>>adds to confusion.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>>Digestion mailing list
>>>>>>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>>>>>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>>>>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>>>>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>Digestion mailing list
>>>>>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>>>>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>>>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>>>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>>> Shape Yahoo! in your own image. Join our Network Research Panel today!
>>> http://surveylink.yahoo.com/gmrs/yahoo_panel_invite.asp?a=7
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Digestion mailing list
>>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> **********************************************************************
>>> Dr. Ann C. Wilkie Tel: (352)392-8699
>>> Soil and Water Science Department Fax: (352)392-7008
>>> University of Florida-IFAS
>>> P.O. Box 110960 E-mail: acwilkie at ufl.edu
>>> Gainesville, FL 32611-0960
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>> Campus location: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (Bldg. 246).
>>> http://campusmap.ufl.edu/
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>> BioEnergy and Sustainable Technology Society
>>> http://grove.ufl.edu/~bests/
>>>
>>> **********************************************************************
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 3
>>> Date: Sun, 09 Sep 2007 17:37:43 -0100
>>> From: "Katahdin Energy Works" <KatahdinEnergyWorks at verizon.net>
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>> To: "'Dr. Ann C. Wilkie'" <acwilkie at ufl.edu>, "'Warren Weisman'"
>>> <weiswar at yahoo.com>
>>> Cc: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <000c01c7f310$831646d0$8942d470$@net>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
>>>
>>> I would caution you against using inventive, somewhat p.c., language in
>>> your
>>> grant proposal when at some time in the future, to keep your bus
>>> running,
>>> you have to resort to gases from other sources.
>>>
>>> Other than time; there isn't all that much difference between our
>>> Manure2Energytm digesters and one using gas from ancient deposits of
>>> manure
>>> and organic matter.
>>>
>>> What may be most important are the level of emissions from the bus; and
>>> not
>>> the source of the gas. Having the 'greenest' bus on the block is almost
>>> like
>>> have the most clever vanity plate; even worse is when you are passed by
>>> one
>>> covered in solar panels!
>>>
>>> Frank J. Heller, MPA
>>> KATAHDIN ENERGY WORKS
>>> 12 Belmont St.
>>> Brunswick, ME 04011-3004
>>> 207.729.6090
>>> http://mysite.verizon.net/fjheller/
>>>
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org
>>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of Dr. Ann C.
>>> Wilkie
>>> Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 4:04 PM
>>> To: Warren Weisman
>>> Cc: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>>
>>> All,
>>>
>>> How about RNG-renewable natural gas?
>>>
>>> _____________________
>>> Warren Weisman wrote:
>>>
>>>> I think it was Alejandro who offered CBG and CNG. This
>>>> makes since unless CBG already stands for something
>>>> I'm not aware of?
>>>>
>>>> Warren Weisman
>>>> USA
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --- Ken Calvert <renertech at xtra.co.nz> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>>What about 'Bio-CNG'??
>>>>>
>>>>>----- Original Message -----
>>>>>From: "Jim and Amy Rankin" <ajrankin at westal.net>
>>>>>To: "Warren Weisman" <weiswar at yahoo.com>;
>>>>><digestion at listserv.repp.org>
>>>>>Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 12:26 PM
>>>>>Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG and CNG
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>>Warren,
>>>>>>I would say if you feel "biogas" isn't
>>>>>
>>>>>descriptive, what about "Bio-CNG". I
>>>>>
>>>>>>think it would be more immediately recognisable
>>>>>
>>>>>than the "PE".
>>>>>
>>>>>>Jim
>>>>>>
>>>>>>James R Rankin, DVM
>>>>>>Cedarcrest Farms, Inc
>>>>>>Faunsdale, AL USA
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>I'm writing a grant for our biogas bus project
>>>>>
>>>>>and
>>>>>
>>>>>>>wanted to get the group's opinion on my use of
>>>>>
>>>>>the
>>>>>
>>>>>>>term PE-CNG for Present Era Compressed Natural
>>>>>
>>>>>Gas to
>>>>>
>>>>>>>distinguish compressed biogas from the already
>>>>>>>accepted term Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), or
>>>>>
>>>>>field
>>>>>
>>>>>>>gas, a fossil fuel. Let me know if this
>>>>>
>>>>>eliminates or
>>>>>
>>>>>>>adds to confusion.
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>>Digestion mailing list
>>>>>>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>>>>>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>>>>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>>>>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>_______________________________________________
>>>>>Digestion mailing list
>>>>>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>>>>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>>>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>>>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>>> Shape Yahoo! in your own image. Join our Network Research Panel today!
>>> http://surveylink.yahoo.com/gmrs/yahoo_panel_invite.asp?a=7
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Digestion mailing list
>>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> **********************************************************************
>>> Dr. Ann C. Wilkie Tel: (352)392-8699
>>> Soil and Water Science Department Fax: (352)392-7008
>>> University of Florida-IFAS
>>> P.O. Box 110960 E-mail: acwilkie at ufl.edu
>>> Gainesville, FL 32611-0960
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>> Campus location: Environmental Microbiology Laboratory (Bldg. 246).
>>> http://campusmap.ufl.edu/
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>> BioEnergy and Sustainable Technology Society
>>> http://grove.ufl.edu/~bests/
>>>
>>> **********************************************************************
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Digestion mailing list
>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 4
>>> Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2007 16:41:13 -0700 (PDT)
>>> From: fest durojaiye <durofestdot at yahoo.com>
>>> Subject: [Digestion] request for information on available biogas
>>> technology training
>>> To: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <125828.80402.qm at web42105.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>>>
>>> I am planing to construct a digester on my farm as a
>>> way of tackling farm waste. could anyone advice me on
>>> where to go for training and consultation on digester
>>> construction and management.
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>> Be a better Heartthrob. Get better relationship answers from someone who
>>> knows. Yahoo! Answers - Check it out.
>>> http://answers.yahoo.com/dir/?link=list&sid=396545433
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 5
>>> Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2007 16:49:26 -0700 (PDT)
>>> From: Lou Dobb <congoagriculture at yahoo.com>
>>> Subject: [Digestion] Biogas yields for tropical energy crops
>>> To: Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <166997.62030.qm at web37913.mail.mud.yahoo.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>>>
>>> Hi all, I'm new to this mailing list. Thanks for the very interesting
>>> resources and discussions.
>>>
>>> I have been trying to find some data on biogas yields for tropical
>>> energy
>>> crops (such as sugarcane, sweet sorghum, cassava, sweet potato, grass
>>> species, tropical sugar beet, etc...). But I can't find much.
>>>
>>> In my search I only found data on crops grown in temperate and even cold
>>> climates (Finland).
>>>
>>> E.g. Annimari Lehtom?ki: "Biogas production from energy crops and crop
>>> residues", Jyv?skyl? Studies in Biological and Environmental Sciences
>>> 163,
>>> PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, University of
>>> Jyv?skyl?, 2006.
>>>
>>> http://dissertations.jyu.fi/studbiol/9513925595.pdf
>>>
>>> Could anyone help me compile a list of yields for tropical crops?
>>>
>>> We could use the list for a wiki, as a basic reference.
>>>
>>>
>>> How come there are so little data on this? I don't understand.
>>>
>>> Best regards,
>>> Lou
>>>
>>>
>>> ---------------------------------
>>> Boardwalk for $500? In 2007? Ha!
>>> Play Monopoly Here and Now (it's updated for today's economy) at Yahoo!
>>> Games.
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 6
>>> Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2007 18:03:13 -0700 (PDT)
>>> From: Warren Weisman <weiswar at yahoo.com>
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] Biogas yields for tropical energy crops
>>> To: Lou Dobb <congoagriculture at yahoo.com>, Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <909654.48600.qm at web62403.mail.re1.yahoo.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>>>
>>>
>>> I think there's so little and so much conflicting data
>>> is that digestion is not an exact science. A small,
>>> well-maintained digester can out-perform a big, fancy
>>> one. The second most important aspect of digestion,
>>> after an airtight environment, is the proper carbon to
>>> nitrogen ratio, which I did not see referred to in the
>>> article.
>>>
>>> Here's the volumes from "A Chinese Biogas Manual",
>>> which I consider the best source of information on
>>> digestion and biogas, since its empirical data
>>> gathered from making MILLIONS of digesters...
>>>
>>> volumes are per tonne of material:
>>>
>>> General Stable Manure 260-280 cu.m. gas 50-60% CH4
>>> Pig Manure 561 cu.m. gas
>>> Horse Manure 200-300 cu.m. gas
>>> Rice husks 615 cu.m. gas
>>> Fresh grass 630 cu.m. gas 70% CH4
>>> Flax stalks or hemp 359 cu.m. gas 59% CH4
>>> Straw 342 cu.m. gas 59% CH4
>>> Leaves from trees 210-294 cu.m. gas 58% CH4
>>> Potato plant leaves & vine, etc. 260-280 cu.m.
>>> Sunflower leaves & stalks 300 cu.m. 58% CH4
>>> Sludge 640 cu.m. 50% CH4
>>> Waste water from wine or spirits making 300-600 cu.m.
>>> 58% CH4
>>>
>>> --- Lou Dobb <congoagriculture at yahoo.com> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Hi all, I'm new to this mailing list. Thanks for the
>>>> very interesting resources and discussions.
>>>>
>>>> I have been trying to find some data on biogas
>>>> yields for tropical energy crops (such as sugarcane,
>>>> sweet sorghum, cassava, sweet potato, grass species,
>>>> tropical sugar beet, etc...). But I can't find much.
>>>>
>>>> In my search I only found data on crops grown in
>>>> temperate and even cold climates (Finland).
>>>>
>>>> E.g. Annimari Lehtom?ki: "Biogas production from
>>>> energy crops and crop residues", Jyv?skyl? Studies
>>>> in Biological and Environmental Sciences 163, PhD
>>>> Dissertation, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences,
>>>> University of Jyv?skyl?, 2006.
>>>>
>>>> http://dissertations.jyu.fi/studbiol/9513925595.pdf
>>>>
>>>> Could anyone help me compile a list of yields for
>>>> tropical crops?
>>>>
>>>> We could use the list for a wiki, as a basic
>>>> reference.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> How come there are so little data on this? I don't
>>>> understand.
>>>>
>>>> Best regards,
>>>> Lou
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> ---------------------------------
>>>> Boardwalk for $500? In 2007? Ha!
>>>> Play Monopoly Here and Now (it's updated for today's
>>>> economy) at Yahoo! Games.
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Digestion mailing list
>>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>> Sick sense of humor? Visit Yahoo! TV's
>>> Comedy with an Edge to see what's on, when.
>>> http://tv.yahoo.com/collections/222
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> Message: 7
>>> Date: Sun, 9 Sep 2007 18:25:03 -0700 (PDT)
>>> From: Warren Weisman <weiswar at yahoo.com>
>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>> To: fjheller at verizon.net, "'Dr. Ann C. Wilkie'" <acwilkie at ufl.edu>
>>> Cc: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> Message-ID: <483260.99783.qm at web62412.mail.re1.yahoo.com>
>>> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
>>>
>>>
>>> I have been a large engine mechanic for nearly 18
>>> years. I have a vague understanding of fuel systems,
>>> including spark-ignited compressed gas systems.
>>>
>>> The CO2 released during combustion of present era
>>> biogas is the same amount the plants would release if
>>> they were left to decompose normally. This amount is
>>> more than offset by the amount of CO2 the plants
>>> absorb for food during their life cycle. Hence, if we
>>> burn present-era biogas in an engine, we are
>>> contributing zero net greenhouse gas emissions. Not
>>> little, but ZERO. In addition to running cleaner and
>>> quieter and cooler.
>>>
>>> The CO2 from field gas is from an entirely different
>>> geological age in the earth's history. That CO2 is not
>>> supposed to be released into our present atmosphere.
>>> This makes a profound difference between biogas and
>>> Natural Gas in environmental benefits.
>>>
>>> That said. For this bus we will be using the 100 MMscf
>>> of biogas currently being flared at our local
>>> wastewater treatment facility, so we are capturing
>>> "free" biogas that would ordinarily be wasted. I'm
>>> pretty sure 100 MMscf will run one bus and we will not
>>> be resorting to using other fuels.
>>>
>>> If our local government would like to add more buses,
>>> we will build some food waste digesters to generate
>>> the fuel.
>>>
>>> Warren Weisman
>>> USA
>>>
>>> -- Katahdin Energy Works
>>> <KatahdinEnergyWorks at verizon.net> wrote:
>>>
>>>> I would caution you against using inventive,
>>>> somewhat p.c., language in your
>>>> grant proposal when at some time in the future, to
>>>> keep your bus running,
>>>> you have to resort to gases from other sources.
>>>>
>>>> Other than time; there isn't all that much
>>>> difference between our
>>>> Manure2Energytm digesters and one using gas from
>>>> ancient deposits of manure
>>>> and organic matter.
>>>>
>>>> What may be most important are the level of
>>>> emissions from the bus; and not
>>>> the source of the gas. Having the 'greenest' bus on
>>>> the block is almost like
>>>> have the most clever vanity plate; even worse is
>>>> when you are passed by one
>>>> covered in solar panels!
>>>>
>>>> Frank J. Heller, MPA
>>>> KATAHDIN ENERGY WORKS
>>>> 12 Belmont St.
>>>> Brunswick, ME 04011-3004
>>>> 207.729.6090
>>>> http://mysite.verizon.net/fjheller/
>>>>
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org
>>>> [mailto:digestion-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On
>>>> Behalf Of Dr. Ann C. Wilkie
>>>> Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 4:04 PM
>>>> To: Warren Weisman
>>>> Cc: digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG A better name!
>>>>
>>>> All,
>>>>
>>>> How about RNG-renewable natural gas?
>>>>
>>>> _____________________
>>>> Warren Weisman wrote:
>>>>
>>>> > I think it was Alejandro who offered CBG and CNG.
>>>> This
>>>> > makes since unless CBG already stands for
>>>> something
>>>> > I'm not aware of?
>>>> >
>>>> > Warren Weisman
>>>> > USA
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > --- Ken Calvert <renertech at xtra.co.nz> wrote:
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >>What about 'Bio-CNG'??
>>>> >>
>>>> >>----- Original Message -----
>>>> >>From: "Jim and Amy Rankin" <ajrankin at westal.net>
>>>> >>To: "Warren Weisman" <weiswar at yahoo.com>;
>>>> >><digestion at listserv.repp.org>
>>>> >>Sent: Sunday, September 09, 2007 12:26 PM
>>>> >>Subject: Re: [Digestion] PE-CNG and CNG
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>Warren,
>>>> >>>I would say if you feel "biogas" isn't
>>>> >>
>>>> >>descriptive, what about "Bio-CNG". I
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>think it would be more immediately recognisable
>>>> >>
>>>> >>than the "PE".
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>Jim
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>James R Rankin, DVM
>>>> >>>Cedarcrest Farms, Inc
>>>> >>>Faunsdale, AL USA
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>>
>>>> >>>>I'm writing a grant for our biogas bus project
>>>> >>
>>>> >>and
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>wanted to get the group's opinion on my use of
>>>> >>
>>>> >>the
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>term PE-CNG for Present Era Compressed Natural
>>>> >>
>>>> >>Gas to
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>distinguish compressed biogas from the already
>>>> >>>>accepted term Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), or
>>>> >>
>>>> >>field
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>gas, a fossil fuel. Let me know if this
>>>> >>
>>>> >>eliminates or
>>>> >>
>>>> >>>>adds to confusion.
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>>_______________________________________________
>>>> >>>Digestion mailing list
>>>> >>>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>
>>>> >
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> >
>>>> >>>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> >>>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> >>>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >>>
>>>> >>
>>>> >>_______________________________________________
>>>> >>Digestion mailing list
>>>> >>Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> >>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> >
>>>> >>Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> >>http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> >>http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>>> ________
>>>> > Shape Yahoo! in your own image. Join our Network
>>>> Research Panel today!
>>>>
>>> http://surveylink.yahoo.com/gmrs/yahoo_panel_invite.asp?a=7
>>>>
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> >
>>>> > _______________________________________________
>>>> > Digestion mailing list
>>>> > Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>> >
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> > Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> > http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> > http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>> >
>>>>
>>>> --
>>>>
>>> **********************************************************************
>>>> Dr. Ann C. Wilkie Tel:
>>>> (352)392-8699
>>>> Soil and Water Science Department Fax:
>>>> (352)392-7008
>>>> University of Florida-IFAS
>>>> P.O. Box 110960 E-mail:
>>>> acwilkie at ufl.edu
>>>> Gainesville, FL 32611-0960
>>>>
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>>> Campus location: Environmental Microbiology
>>>> Laboratory (Bldg. 246).
>>>> http://campusmap.ufl.edu/
>>>>
>>> ______________________________________________________________________
>>>> BioEnergy and Sustainable Technology Society
>>>> http://grove.ufl.edu/~bests/
>>>>
>>>>
>>> **********************************************************************
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> Digestion mailing list
>>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>>>
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
____________________________________________________________________________
>>> ________
>>> Boardwalk for $500? In 2007? Ha! Play Monopoly Here and Now (it's
>>> updated
>>> for today's economy) at Yahoo! Games.
>>> http://get.games.yahoo.com/proddesc?gamekey=monopolyherenow
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> ------------------------------
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Digestion mailing list
>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>>
>>> End of Digestion Digest, Vol 15, Issue 11
>>> *****************************************
>>>
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Digestion mailing list
>>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> Internal Virus Database is out-of-date.
>>> Checked by AVG Free Edition.
>>> Version: 7.5.485 / Virus Database: 269.13.3/986 - Release Date:
>>> 03/09/2007
>>> 09:31
>>>
>>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> Digestion mailing list
>> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
>> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
>> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
>> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
>> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>>
>>
>> --
>> No virus found in this incoming message.
>> Checked by AVG Free Edition.
>> Version: 7.5.485 / Virus Database: 269.13.14/999 - Release Date:
>> 9/10/2007
>> 5:43 PM
>>
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Digestion mailing list
> Digestion at listserv.repp.org
> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/digestion_listserv.repp.org
> Beginner's Guide to Biogas
> http://www.adelaide.edu.au/biogas/
> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>
>
>
> --
> Internal Virus Database is out-of-date.
> Checked by AVG Free Edition.
> Version: 7.5.485 / Virus Database: 269.13.3/986 - Release Date: 03/09/2007
> 09:31
>
------------------------------
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