[Gasification] Gasification Digest, Vol 18, Issue 18
Benjamin Domingo Bof
benjaminbof at yahoo.com.ar
Mon Dec 24 07:24:14 CST 2007
Doctor Björn Dahlroth; in Argentine more than twenty years ago was work an Engineer Canali or Canaris in IFONA (vanished by politics) helped by some swedish foundation in high density willow and poplar energy plantations. They was make an circular plantation to obtain different density plants. Studying profile of heights in radius line it determine what is more appropriate density. Other studies was made for nurserys using black polietilene film covering ten feet bands. It was near 30.000 stakes for hectare. Also this was for "vime" used for baskets. We are enormous vantage over others energy sources because corn plantations are over grounds u$s 10.000 /hectare; salicaceae is over u$s 1.000 /hectare. Yields is 20 metric tons a year.Ten by ten feet spacement is useful to breed cattle. But in high density it grows four or five times.
Regards; Benjamin
Björn Dahlroth <bjorn.dahlroth at telia.com> escribió: Hello everyone
Attached is a photo of a machine that is harvesting Salix for energy. This
is as I believe a rather big machine with high capacity. There are other
types in use. Some make bunches and some make chips immediately. What to do
depends on whether you are going to burn the biomass immediately or not and
how you are going to handle and store it. It also depends on the heat
production plant. There has been a lot of development and research in Sweden
during the last 25 years in the cultivation and harvesting of Salix for
energy and there are today different clones of Salix adapted for different
growing conditions available on the market. The best place to get more
information and links to further contacts is probably the Swedish Bio-energy
Association. That is probably the best door to the Swedish bio-energy
industry. Their homepage is www.svebio.se and their e-mail address is
info at svebio.se. On the homepage you can click on the British flag if you
want to have the text in English.
Regards
Bjorn Dahlroth
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Ämne: Gasification Digest, Vol 18, Issue 18
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Today's Topics:
1. Re: [Digestion] Cattails (Richard Haard)
2. Re: [Digestion] Cattails (Richard Haard)
3. Re: [Stoves] Biomass Fuel (Thomas Reed)
4. Re: [Stoves] Biomass Fuel (Benjamin Domingo Bof)
5. wood moisture meters? (jim mason)
6. Re: wood moisture meters? (Mark Ludlow)
7. Re: wood moisture meters? (Bob Stuart)
8. Re: wood moisture meters? (Tom Miles)
9. heat exchanger / boiler design book recommendations? (jim mason)
10. Re: heat exchanger / boiler design book recommendations?
(Mark Ludlow)
11. Re: wood moisture meters? (andrew)
12. Re: heat exchanger / boiler design book recommendations?
(Greg Manning)
13. Re: heat exchanger / boiler design book recommendations? (andrew)
14. Re: wood moisture meters? (Tom Miles)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 10:14:41 -0800
From: Richard Haard
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Cattails
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Message-ID: <5C3B0222-A613-4A34-85B7-24C56B2D0569 at nas.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1; format=flowed;
delsp=yes
On Dec 21, 2007, at 12:51 PM, Benjamin Domingo Bof wrote:
> Richard, for me this proposal is F?rmula 1 due to low cost and
> facility of production.
> Two questions:
> 1- In salicaceae meet in last october we see an feller-buncher very
> expensive made by Komatsu using scissors made in Denmark.
> "Montonero" chief (was present three "bolivarians" students from
> Los Andes Venezuela) tell us
> "is not important machine cost , This must work yielding great
> quantity of crop an hour.
> Using tractors in lifter-shaker we doubt about operation cost
> relationship.
Hello Benjamin
I agree the lifter-shaker is a machine specialized to high value
plants . We may take 30 to 45 minutes to harvest a 500 foot seed bed
but we will obtain 20 to 30,000 bare root seedlings that we sell for
$0.25 to $1.25 each.
It is the concept I was exposing and perhaps a potato harvester or
other root crop might be a better technology to look at. We use a
Danish made machine, Edall (not positive about that spelling at the
moment) and it costs about $15000. Our first machine we bought used
for $200 a real bargain. We are planning to buy another and with
currency differences will be even more expensive.
I have seen images of the feller-buncher and it does what I would like
to see done. Your advisors are most likely right if you are at economy
of scale for that machine and the heavy tractors needed to move. This
means your startup operation will need to be at a scale that may be
beyond your initial market and your ability to transport during your
startup period while you perfect your growing methods.
Depending on where you are in your production planning you may be
better off to improvise on the harvest technology and build your own
semi automated harvest equipment. We think a swather type instrument
would work and bundles could be gathered up and manually bound for
transshipment. Think about using a chain saw for cutting a row of
willow side mounted on a tractor or maybe ATV with a device to push
the limbs over in a uniform fashion, making them easy to gather up and
bind with baler twine.
For our small farm scale operation this is the harvest system I have
imagined. We are moving from a willow coppice test project to a 5 acre
scale this spring and will be operating this field in 2 seasons. It
has taken us 4 years to get to this point and we are still negotiating
a lease to use the nearby tract.
Gasifying straw bales is a question for other list members because I
have been a long lurker here for just this curiosity. But we are
thinking along the same lines. Making the system fit under air quality
rules would be an issue but batch loading such a gasifier with say
bales of willow stems and to make charcoal, running a engine for
intermittent power needs like water pumping on the gas is my concept
study.
So far as use and digestion of easily digestible starch from a plant
like cattail here is an image of 5 month old plants we grew with
starch loaded roots. Note that this starch is only present at certain
times of year and the plants cannot be stored for a year around
operation. Getting them out of the gumbo soils where they naturally
grow during summer drougth will be a large problem but I have seen
these lifter shakers work in very heavy, wet soils. If the yields in
digestible starch are very high it may be worth trying with a borrowed
machine from a forest nursery.
Below link to image of bareroot cattail
>
> 2-- Using straw bales could be possible to gasificate it?.
> Roots to starch digestion and straws to fire.
> One option is vertical using gravity law and the other horizontal
> making an mild steel box fired by side,collecting gasses in the
> other. I remember thirty years ago when we bought one Gardner boat
> motor , mechanical man tell us about gasifiers using alfalfa to fuel
> one Willys rural in fiftyes.
> Regards; Benjamin
>
> I am familiar with this plant we call it bulrush and our species is
> Scirpus acutus. It grows quite nicely at our farm and it turns out
> water requirements is because of competitive factors and not a
> physiological requirement of the plant, in both typha and scirpus.
>
> The typha though is especially interesting because of the starch rich
> roots that are found in some seasons on this plant. Other starchy root
> aquatic habitat plants have potential such as Wapato, Arrow root or
> duck potato which offers a large starchy root that has been harvested
> as a source of food starch. This plant though requires aquatic habitat
> to grow.
>
> http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SALA2
>
> Rich
> On Dec 21, 2007, at 4:53 AM, Benjamin Domingo Bof wrote:
>
>> Richard ; very good video . For me this is the way cheapest vegetals
>> to use as energy. Scirpus Californicus named "totora" in our regions
>> could be other source of cellulosic material. Here more info:
>> http://www.peruecologico.com.pe/flo_totora_2.htm
>>
>> Richard Haard escribi?:
>> Hmmm
>>
>> The link did not seem to come through
>>
>> try again
>>
>> http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ybhz-TBrjZs
>>
>>
>> On Dec 20, 2007, at 9:44 PM, Richard Haard wrote:
>>
>>> Hi Harmon
>>>
>>> Here is a Youtube link to view our use of the lifter-shaker for bare
>>> root harvest an alternate tool to harvest cat-tails , a plant we now
>>> cultivate and harvest at our native plant nursery.
>>>
>>> Rich
>>> On Dec 20, 2007, at 6:50 PM, Harmon Seaver wrote:
>>>
>>>>
>>>>> Even if there were, it would be
>>>>> difficult to adapt them to modern, mechanised, farming techniques.
>>>>
>>>> Actually it is quite simple. You grow them in paddys, as you do
>>>> rice.
>>>> The water level is managed, and when harvesting, you drain the
>>>> paddy,
>>>> run first one tractor (with tracks or the huge mud tires) with a
>>>> mower
>>>> or harvester that cuts off the stalks 3' above the ground, then a
>>>> second
>>>> tractor following that cuts the stalks at ground level.
>>>> Dr. Pratt's group also experimented with harvesting the roots with
>>>> modified potato diggers which seemed to work well.
>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>>
>
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 11:08:09 -0800
From: Richard Haard
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Digestion] Cattails
To: mark at ludlow.com
Cc: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Message-ID: <75848A08-E63D-4BCF-9C7E-BAD80591F838 at nas.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
On Dec 21, 2007, at 7:38 PM, Mark Ludlow wrote:
> Richard,
>
> Can you please describe what (if any) kind of equipment is available
> for
> harvesting starchy tubers that have a minimal impact on benthic
> ecosystems?
A a general principle agriculture is a system that simplifies the
ecosystem to a single component - your crop species. If any other
benthic species are associated they would change from the natural
because of the regular disturbance to a new community reflecting the
changes caused by cultivation.
There may be an application such as aquaculture of fish, frogs or
shrimp that could cohabit such a system, maybe.
If the purpose of a proposed site is ecosystem enhancement then there
is no way to accomplish any kind of harvest. However if the site is
for waste water treatment then such uses would apply. I do not know
what regulations are in your area but out here marshes are not
considered ecological wastelands. In some places though such as in
drylands that are irrigated and summer fallow wheat production causes
saline seeps that may be diverted to a new kind of agriculture.
As in Australia where irrigation in the desert has ruined soils with
saline build-up they have created the oil mallee project to allow land
owners to derive income from these once ag lands with native shrubs
with essential oil and biomass energy. There they are making charcoal
and collecting carbon credits.
-------------- next part --------------
>
> Can they be pulled free by their stalks? How would they be
> regenerated?
No way to harvest root or tuber crops without disrupting soil. It's
kind of like clam digging. The Wapato may have smaller propagules
remain and the cattail rhizomes would reprout. Cattails also are
readily reseeded and grow rapidly.
> Do
> any of the species you mention host denitrifying or nitrogen-fixing
> bacteria?
These plants are all hosts for beneficial mycorrhizal fungi but
nitrogen fixing is not necessary in these bottomland habitats as they
are places where waste water brings in nutrients leached from our use
of fertilizer and of all of the other soluble materials we allow loose
in the environment. Many of these materials are toxic organic
chemicals and these wetlands do a service to our ecosystem by
capturing the nutrients and converting into biomass and also by
microbial activity degrade these toxic materials into harmless
metabolites.
If one was going to use such a place for agriculture and biomass
production then you would have to demonstrate that your proposed
activity , at least , accomplishes these ecosystem roles because
biological diversity will have been reduced.
>
>
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 12:20:01 -0700
From: Thomas Reed
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Stoves] Biomass Fuel
To: frank at compostlab.com, Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
, gasifICATION
Message-ID: <476D6361.40601 at comcast.net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-15; format=flowed
Dear Frank and All:
Rice hulls contain 20% fine silica. If you try to burn them, the
temperature is high enough to form a cocoon of solid siliica and prevent
complete digestion. It also heats the SiO2 above 800C and forms
crystobalite which can cause silicosis.
However, if you pyroyse them below 800C you produce a beautiful white
silica that is an excellent absorbent, and can be sued for cosmetics and
white wall tires.
TOM REED
BEF
frank wrote:
> Dear Stovers,
>
> Are there elements in biomass fuel that would aid or hinder the complete
> combustion or heat liberated from the fuel enough to be of importance?
>
> For example if the amount of calcium, sodium and/or potassium is high in
> a fuel would a lot of heat be loss in the making of carbonates?
>
> Does ammonium phosphorus, or any of the above, known to aid in a more
> complete combustion of the carbon?
>
> Perhaps sodium or potassium citrate? or nitrates?
>
> I am just wonder if anyone knows of work that has already been done? or
> if anyone has observed a possible effect on the ash 'shape' or fuel burn
> that can be contributed to some chemical?.
>
> Thanks
> Frank
>
>
>
>
>
------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 16:42:25 -0300 (ART)
From: Benjamin Domingo Bof
Subject: Re: [Gasification] [Stoves] Biomass Fuel
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Message-ID: <124664.60453.qm at web57004.mail.re3.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Doctor Thomas B. Reed;
we agree with you producing high value products as fine silica is more
lucrative than only producing energy raw materials. Today we speak in
Angatuba SP , interior S?o Paulo state with an old charcoal maker. Jo?o
Lopes. We suggests to use alfalfa bales to obtain piroligneous liquid and
soil amend by means fine charcoal. He tells me about 80 different products
presents in liquid.Using half orange kilns loaded with bales and chimneys
to collect Pyro.
Probably this is an enormous gate to open for pests and vegetal deseases
control. He sale garlic pyro concentrate for fly control over cattle when
goes to dairy.
Merry Xmas and Happy New Year.
Benjamin Bof
Thomas Reed escribi?:
Dear Frank and All:
Rice hulls contain 20% fine silica. If you try to burn them, the
temperature is high enough to form a cocoon of solid siliica and prevent
complete digestion. It also heats the SiO2 above 800C and forms
crystobalite which can cause silicosis.
However, if you pyroyse them below 800C you produce a beautiful white
silica that is an excellent absorbent, and can be sued for cosmetics and
white wall tires.
TOM REED
BEF
frank wrote:
> Dear Stovers,
>
> Are there elements in biomass fuel that would aid or hinder the complete
> combustion or heat liberated from the fuel enough to be of importance?
>
> For example if the amount of calcium, sodium and/or potassium is high in
> a fuel would a lot of heat be loss in the making of carbonates?
>
> Does ammonium phosphorus, or any of the above, known to aid in a more
> complete combustion of the carbon?
>
> Perhaps sodium or potassium citrate? or nitrates?
>
> I am just wonder if anyone knows of work that has already been done? or
> if anyone has observed a possible effect on the ash 'shape' or fuel burn
> that can be contributed to some chemical?.
>
> Thanks
> Frank
>
>
>
>
>
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Message: 5
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 20:30:15 -0800
From: "jim mason"
Subject: [Gasification] wood moisture meters?
To: "Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification"
Message-ID:
<31a4f6f00712222030n24a1ad90yed539949ed1675a7 at mail.gmail.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
does anyone here have experience with the handheld wood moisture meters?
i didn't realize such existed. i thought the differential weight
after heating method was the norm. though such is certainly a better
absolute measure, there are actually lots of real time metering units
for wood moisture that seem most helpful. google "wood moisture
meter". or see here:
http://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=553270
j
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
jim mason
website: www.whatiamupto.com
current project: mechabolic (http://www.mechabolic.org)
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------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 20:47:05 -0800
From: "Mark Ludlow"
Subject: Re: [Gasification] wood moisture meters?
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
Message-ID: <068501c8451e$de80af50$9b820df0$@com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
They work great. I used one in the years I was a woodworker. They are most
useful between 5-25% moisture. Not as accurate as Loss on Drying but plenty
OK for everyday use.
-----Original Message-----
From: gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of jim mason
Sent: Saturday, December 22, 2007 8:30 PM
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Subject: [Gasification] wood moisture meters?
does anyone here have experience with the handheld wood moisture meters?
i didn't realize such existed. i thought the differential weight
after heating method was the norm. though such is certainly a better
absolute measure, there are actually lots of real time metering units
for wood moisture that seem most helpful. google "wood moisture
meter". or see here:
http://www.amazon.com/b?ie=UTF8&node=553270
j
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
----
jim mason
website: www.whatiamupto.com
current project: mechabolic (http://www.mechabolic.org)
announce list: http://lists.spaceship.com/listinfo.cgi/icp-spaceship.com
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------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 23:02:56 -0600
From: Bob Stuart
Subject: Re: [Gasification] wood moisture meters?
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Message-ID:
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII; delsp=yes; format=flowed
On 22-Dec-07, at 10:47 PM, Mark Ludlow wrote:
> They work great. I used one in the years I was a woodworker. They
> are most
> useful between 5-25% moisture. Not as accurate as Loss on Drying
> but plenty
> OK for everyday use.
I'll second that. I got a bargain-bin special and it had quite
consistent, useful readings.
Best,
Bob Stuart
------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Sat, 22 Dec 2007 21:48:08 -0800
From: "Tom Miles"
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