[Gasification] BIOENERGY, KEY IN FIGHT AGAINST HUNGER

[Benjamin Domingo Bof]

 Bioenergy, key in the fight against the hunger agriculture and forestry could be become into principal sources of bioenergia, an element key to reach the objectives of development of the milênio: to eradicate the extreme poverty and the hunger and to assure the sustentabilidade of the environment, affirm the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). The increment in the use of the bioenergia results in the benefit of the diversification of the agricultural activities and indians, of the alimentary security, and the sustainable development, explain the document. The bioenergia if gets from biocombustíveis (Combustible solids, biogás, liquid fuels as bioálcool etílico and biodiesel) originating cultivos as of the sugar cane of sugar and herbaceous plants or of the wood, vegetal coal, agricultural wastes and derived products, as the forest, manure residues and others.  The biomass reduces the costs total of the importations the biomass is an available power plant local capable
 to generate heat and electricity. It contributes to substitute imported fósseis fuels and to strengthen the national energy security, reducing the total cost of the importations of petroliferous products and fighting the poverty. To develop the use of the biomass to produce energy would benefit the economic development, especially in the agricultural zones, since the interest for investing in the new chances presented for the production, the preparation, the transport, the commerce and the use of biocombustíveis would excite in small the e average companies. The use of the biomass to produce energy also generates jobs for the man of the field. "Effectively, the bioeletricity production has a potential of creation of superior job to the one of any another option of renewable energy. It can multiply the creation of jobs right-handers with respect to generated for the electricity production using the conventional sources for each new job ", says informs it of the FAO.  

Region of Itapeva has vocation for the reforestation
 In the last carried through tax survey in the State, has ten years, the city of Itapeva counted on 27 a thousand hectares of reforested area, including the plantation of pinus and eucalipto. In the region, the reforestation arrived the 138 a thousand hectares of eucaliptos and 72 a thousand of pinus. In next day 23, the Forest Institute will have to divulge the research numbers official that if find in closing phase. The expectation is of that it had maintenance of the planted area or in the fast maximum fall.  Why Itapeva?Bill Mollison, author of "Permacultura", divulged drawings published for the New York Times, with legend "worked in Brazil", that they describe the cloud formation in mountains of Atlantic Mata. There if it shows as the dynamic turbulences, that occur for impact of the wind on the hillsides of the mountain range of the sea, by means of the biological particle drag as pollen and esporos, raise centers of crystal formation and drops that later form clouds.
 This configuration can be observed since the  of the Mountain Range, in Angatuba, the one hundred kilometers of distance. The region is, particularly, apt for the reforestation. Its planimetry allows the installation of small hidroelétrics dams to hold back the water, to establish  fish ponds and to satisfy the necessities alimentary of the society. Doctor Aparecido Antonio Carpanezzi, of the Embrapa (ambientebrasil), defends the bracatinga-maize-beans plantation of rotating form to assure the productivity increase. If if he sows in set trees and cereals that are cultivated in way joined per two years, then he leaves yourself to grow the forest to changed itself into firewood to the seven years and thus to repeat the cycle. He has about one decade, when we arrive at the region, the trucks that carried cavacos had harm appearance and were old. Currently, with the increase of the price of BPF (Black Petroleum Fuel) to feed boilers, the wood chips and the saw dust  go gaining
 spaces. In Taquarivaí, the Tropeiro Rank did not obtain profit with sale of fuels, that equally to the dry load transport is not having yield. However, it continues working with the transport of wood chips. The region has improved of intense form its "woody chips" fleet and already more are not burnt the residues of would saw with the consequent ambient advantage. (Benjamin BOF)  
Reforestations can guarantee retirement 
A dumb one of pinus formed, with one year and way, cost R$ 1,20. Twelve years later this tree it will be vendida, in average, R$ 40. This without counting that, from eight years of age, already is possible the extration of the resin, generating additional income. The information is of the engineer agronomist Generci Assis Snows, entrepreneur who acts in the resinagem sector, lumber and of reforestation in the region. In Brazil, the chain of production and exploitation of eucalipto only generate 150 a thousand jobs and paid per year USS 700 million in wages and social changes. The activity involves risks for the agriculturists, for whom they had exactly taken conscience of the commercial values reached by the substance cousin works with wood, as viable option of production and investment. The lack of market knowledge can induce to fall in secular traps, such as the planning of the return and investments in short term. The choice of noble wood plantation is an alternative to
 guarantee the retirement of the agriculturist, exactly with plantation of small areas. The Australian Cedar, for example, can assure bigger yield up to ten times of the one than the plantation of pinus and eucalipto, assures specialists.
 Combat to the deforestation must be priority
 Who writes this article, Benjamin BOF, visited the writing of "La Nación" of Buenos Aires in 1987 followed by the colonel and military engineer Leopoldo Pujals, who was head of the Department of Weapons and Explosives of the General Direction of Military Plants of Argentina. The writing head of the El Campo had been welded of a  comrade for that we decide to publish "Production of vegetal coal from firewood", where shows as to make vegetal coal with drum of 210 liters. This  time, with Pujals, we develop the explosive job in environmental areas as consequence peace accords firmed between João Pablo II, Georg Bush and Mikhail Sergeyevitch Gorbachev, that foresaw the conversion militar plants  for civil use. In the Island of Carabelas, of property of the director of La Nación, the doctor Bartolomeu Mitre, we clean a canal of draining of the reforestation in a longitude of four hundred meters in few hours with explosives. In 1995, motivated for our anniversaries of 50 years,
 La Nación published "Practical and economic oven with drum", device also shown in the TV Globo in 1993 to use firewood of scarce value in the food baking. Regularly, we had contact with the writing of "La Nación". In 2004, a controversy in the root of declaration of the engineer appears Jorge Adamoli warning on the fragility of ground in the half-barren region Argentina. Unexpectedly in them they block eletronicamente e-mails for that we set in motion the alert maximum in forecast of some irregularity, since we had designated the absence of the hydric subject in the quarrel. It appears the waited blanket : the publication of an article with signature of Gabriel Vásquez Amábile considering the deforestation of 6.500.000 of hectares in day 27 of November of 2004, offering ilussion benefits, equal to that a carried through campaign two decades behind "Chaco Puede", that the "Slaughter of Margarita Belén" of nazistas connotations had enters its episodes. We send letter to the
 president of the nation, Nestor Kirchner, another one to the secretary of environment Atílio Armando Savino and to the secretary of human rights Eduardo Duhalde. In the December starts mega carries through in the halls of the Agricultural Society Argentina the Climatic Cupola with the evident intention of one fraud with international financial resources such which the external, the skies in had given reason to them; 900 millimeters in "Las  Breñas" interior of the state of Chaco had rained. They could take water in foot. In this Cupola, the United States had not adhered to the Protocols of Kyoto for it send a letter to the doctor George William Bush, supporting its criterion, since the deforestation in Argentina nor in the Amazônia was not contemplated. Recently in we make entire them that the Agricultural Society Argentina sold  its installations to pay the accounts. The history of "La Bohème", of Giacomo Puccini, where the artists burnt its works of art to warm
 themselves in the cold nights of Paris. Where the farmers and cattle breeders think to congregate themselves now? In the Italy Square?
 To the front of barracks of French architecture that had sculptured in its walls "To cultivate the ground is to serve the native land". Agriculture is one "bingo" climatic as they demonstrate to the recent droughts in the State of the Great River of the South Many agriculturists to it are losing its properties because of debts caused for the raised cost of the insumos and the short-term credit. If they had trees to cut of grevíleas, cypresses, pinus and eucaliptos could cover the agricultural expenses. Thus, the things of agriculture go leaving "agricultural scrap iron", ground poisoned and  debts for choosing not sustainable models. Conclusion: George W. Bush has a climate idea, us we have another one and surely the as many best ones exist others. 
Benjamin Bof 
published in Folha do Sul Itapeva SP june 4th 2005


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