[Gasification] Gasification Digest, Vol 19, Issue 28
Björn Dahlroth
bjorn.dahlroth at telia.com
Thu Jan 31 18:27:10 CST 2008
Hi
Are you going to dry and make pallets and then burn directly for energy?
Biomass with 65-70% moisture content can be burnt as it is in a suitably
designed furnace similar to a furnace for waste incineration. It is the
ignition of the fuel that is a little difficult but it will not be difficult
if you burn together with a drier fuel. Some of the heat developed will be
consumed for evaporating the moisture but if you add a flue gas condenser
after you get the heat back. Flue gas condensation is very common in Swedish
district heating plants burning woodchips, forest residues and municipal
solid waste. The heat output from a plant burning biomass will increase very
much if flue gas condensation is added.
Of course the treatment depends on the local market. If you want to
transport and sell the residue to others as a fuel in other smaller furnaces
or use them as a material for soil mixing it can be wise to make pellets.
Bjorn Dahlroth
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Ämne: Gasification Digest, Vol 19, Issue 28
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Today's Topics:
1. Precer Biomass Hybrid Car (Stirling Engine) (Tom Miles)
2. Biofiber drying quantification (Norma McDonald)
3. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Benjamin Domingo Bof)
4. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Katahdin Energy Works)
5. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Hararat)
6. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Mark Ludlow)
7. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Greg Manning)
8. A VISION; CORVALLIS FARM IS A HEAVEN (Benjamin Domingo Bof)
9. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Art Krenzel)
10. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Mark Ludlow)
11. Re: Biofiber drying quantification (Tom Miles)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Message: 1
Date: Wed, 30 Jan 2008 21:31:13 -0800
From: "Tom Miles" <tmiles at trmiles.com>
Subject: [Gasification] Precer Biomass Hybrid Car (Stirling Engine)
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <000001c863ca$7e929b60$7bb7d220$@com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Here is a link to a video of the Swedish Precer biomass hybrid vehicle using
a Stirling engine:
http://svt.se/svt/road/Classic/shared/mediacenter/index.jsp?d=80012
<http://svt.se/svt/road/Classic/shared/mediacenter/index.jsp?d=80012&a=96052
2> &a=960522
It's fired with wood pellets but I'm sure we could do something like that
with woodgas.
See: www.precer.com
Courtesy of the Yahoo Stirling engine group.
Tom
------------------------------
Message: 2
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 06:58:29 -0500
From: Norma McDonald <normacnc5 at aol.com>
Subject: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: gasification at listserv.repp.org
Message-ID: <8CA3217BA6D89CA-F4C-205F at FWM-M15.sysops.aol.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
We are trying to reduce the moisture level in the biofibers that are
mechanically (screw press) separated after anaerobic digestion of manure.?
The moisture content is 65-70%, all tightly bound to the lignocellulosic
fibers (no free moisture).? We want to lower this using waste heat (250F -
500F air) from the generator down to ~20% moisture so that we can pelletize
for fuel pellets.? We are also thinking of directly gasifying these
materials.?
Dynamic air flow produces too much dust and fibers all over the process
area, so we are thinking about radiant heating in an auger.? For our first
installation, the flow rate requires removal/evaporation of 4 gallons per
minute.? How do I calculate the time and surface area required in order to
design the heat exchanger?
Norma McDonald
________________________________________________________________________
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail ! -
http://webmail.aol.com
------------------------------
Message: 3
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 12:28:44 -0300 (ART)
From: Benjamin Domingo Bof <benjaminbof at yahoo.com.ar>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <868909.18294.qm at web57013.mail.re3.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
Norma pleasure to read you. My idea about alfalfa CUF 101 pelletization is
to use gas generators in Argentine. Alfalfa have high grade protein and
grows easily in this country. Gasifiers gives thirty percent for wood gas
and the other seventy is waste heat or BIOHEAT.With wood gas run mechanical
pelletizing press. Martezo gasifiers in France offers his equipments with
this proposal 2/3 thermal energy for others uses. This way you recover high
grade of heat increasing efficiency.
Cheers; Benjamin
Norma McDonald <normacnc5 at aol.com> escribi?: We are trying to reduce the
moisture level in the biofibers that are mechanically (screw press)
separated after anaerobic digestion of manure.? The moisture content is
65-70%, all tightly bound to the lignocellulosic fibers (no free moisture).?
We want to lower this using waste heat (250F - 500F air) from the generator
down to ~20% moisture so that we can pelletize for fuel pellets.? We are
also thinking of directly gasifying these materials.?
Dynamic air flow produces too much dust and fibers all over the process
area, so we are thinking about radiant heating in an auger.? For our first
installation, the flow rate requires removal/evaporation of 4 gallons per
minute.? How do I calculate the time and surface area required in order to
design the heat exchanger?
Norma McDonald
________________________________________________________________________
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail ! -
http://webmail.aol.com
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------------------------------
Message: 4
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 11:00:54 -0200
From: "Katahdin Energy Works" <KatahdinEnergyWorks at verizon.net>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <001b01c86409$534dccb0$f9e96610$@net>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Norma,
You might want to contact:
Dept. of Crop & Soil Sciences
http://www.GrassBioenergy.org
J.H. Cherney
E.V. Baker Professor of Agriculture
JHC5 at cornell.edu
In regard to his research into grass pellet making.
Expressed manure solids in Vermont are very moist and can't be stored, since
they start to decompose. So it's either bedding or the compost pile...I
wonder if you can freeze dry them in winter? There is a concern with
pathogens.
Contact Dan Scroton of the Vermont Dept. of Agriculture re his experience
with expressed solids. Are you using a FAN screw press or one of the roller
systems from HOULE?
Frank J. Heller, MPA
KATAHDIN ENERGY WORKS
12 Belmont St.
Brunswick, ME 04011-3004
207.729.6090
http://mysite.verizon.net/fjheller/
-----Original Message-----
From: gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of Norma McDonald
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 9:58 AM
To: gasification at listserv.repp.org
Subject: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
We are trying to reduce the moisture level in the biofibers that are
mechanically (screw press) separated after anaerobic digestion of manure.?
The moisture content is 65-70%, all tightly bound to the lignocellulosic
fibers (no free moisture).? We want to lower this using waste heat (250F -
500F air) from the generator down to ~20% moisture so that we can pelletize
for fuel pellets.? We are also thinking of directly gasifying these
materials.?
Dynamic air flow produces too much dust and fibers all over the process
area, so we are thinking about radiant heating in an auger.? For our first
installation, the flow rate requires removal/evaporation of 4 gallons per
minute.? How do I calculate the time and surface area required in order to
design the heat exchanger?
Norma McDonald
________________________________________________________________________
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail ! -
http://webmail.aol.com
_______________________________________________
Gasification mailing list
Gasification at listserv.repp.org
http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_listserv.repp.org
http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org
http://info.bioenergylists.org
------------------------------
Message: 5
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 15:59:52 GMT
From: "Hararat" <utechmech at netzero.com>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: gasification at listserv.repp.org
Message-ID: <20080131.085952.11682.0 at webmail10.dca.untd.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=windows-1252
In 1998 I began developing a process called the UGDFS (Ultra Gravity Dry
Fractionation System). It uses coaxial boundary layer tevchnology to
accelerate the slurries. The water is stripped off into the boundary layer.
This process required little heating and there was some shearing effect
happening at the boundary layer. Deomnstrations can be seen on video.
I used this to try to dry chicken manure in 2000 for 1,000,000 layer hens in
Neosho, Missouri for Moark Productions. They own the patent rights now and
may be contacted for further development information. We suffered from
plugging at the primary cyclone and I abandoned the process. Several others
are similarly trying to accomplish the same with the coaxial boundary layer
phenomenon. Terra Systems of Spanish Fork, Utah may have had success by
now.
The problem of lysing the cell walls was overcome by cenrtifigation as EIMCO
(Hughes, Houston) were developing this in the UK. In our process we used a
coaxial flow cyclone. The pressure developed on the cell walls was enough
to implode them, hence releasing the moisture for adsorption into the
boundary layer. Others have tried high pressure, pressure vessels (100,000
psig) for the purification of orange juice. This has been a batch process.
Harry John Gatley, P.Eng.
------------------------------
Message: 6
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 08:10:19 -0800
From: "Mark Ludlow" <mark at ludlow.com>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <016201c86423$c79c95a0$56d5c0e0$@com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Norma,
Have you considered pelletizing (what size pellet do you desire?) and then
post-drying? Significant sensible heat is generated during pelletizing which
gets drying going.
Ideal radiant surfaces for water drying are often about 800F. IR is ideally
in the1-to-8 micron wavelength range which is particularly efficient for
water evaporation.
Mark
-----Original Message-----
From: gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of Norma McDonald
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 3:58 AM
To: gasification at listserv.repp.org
Subject: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
We are trying to reduce the moisture level in the biofibers that are
mechanically (screw press) separated after anaerobic digestion of manure.?
The moisture content is 65-70%, all tightly bound to the lignocellulosic
fibers (no free moisture).? We want to lower this using waste heat (250F -
500F air) from the generator down to ~20% moisture so that we can pelletize
for fuel pellets.? We are also thinking of directly gasifying these
materials.?
Dynamic air flow produces too much dust and fibers all over the process
area, so we are thinking about radiant heating in an auger.? For our first
installation, the flow rate requires removal/evaporation of 4 gallons per
minute.? How do I calculate the time and surface area required in order to
design the heat exchanger?
Norma McDonald
________________________________________________________________________
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail ! -
http://webmail.aol.com
_______________________________________________
Gasification mailing list
Gasification at listserv.repp.org
http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_listserv.repp.org
http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org
http://info.bioenergylists.org
------------------------------
Message: 7
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 10:10:42 -0600
From: "Greg Manning" <a31ford at inetlink.ca>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Cc: Normacnc5 at aol.com
Message-ID: <GGEBLFNJNOGGJGNEDBJJGENOMBAA.a31ford at inetlink.ca>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="windows-1250"
Greetings Norma, and list members.
I have a very similar problem, but related this way (hot gases, warming
water) I guess it's kind of the same :).
Time is relative to temperature coefficient of the said exchanger material
(eg: brass is a better heat conductor than cast iron, and aluminum is better
than brass, however, they all are correspondingly lower in their own melting
point, when they conduct heat better).
Flow of hot medium vs. Flow of medium requiring water removal, (heater /
heated) if your biofiber requires a reduction rate of 4 gallons a minute ?
What is the flow rate of the said biomass fiber within the transport auger
??
Another factor to consider is condensate within the exhaust air causing
acids in the "air side" of the heat exchanger (caking or etching) this then
has to be factored into the thickness of the transfer medium (eg: auger
"middle" shell is say, 20ga. gav. tin, exhaust gases run around the outer
area of this shell, while biofiber is being augured within the center of
this middle shell (this is the transfer wall or exchanger wall) you would
get fantastic heat transfer to the said biofiber, but I bet at the outlet
end of this exchanger, the condensed acids would rot it out within a month,
if not a week.
(caking action is like the buildup of creosote in a chimney), (etching is
like the effect of water and air on steel (rust)). Both of these factors
MUST be quantified into the said exchanger design, or the exchanger will
only work well for the first little bit, until these items reduce, or negate
the heat transfer from medium to medium. (this can happen very quickly (like
within a week) if not factored into the design).
Instead of trying "one long" exchanger on the auger, you can try multiple
"segments" all seeing the original heat value of the waste heat this way the
outlet side of the hot air does not go below condensing temperature, and
therefore you would not have to deal with the acids of condensate (this is a
common design in forced air furnaces). Another effect this does is
exponentially raise the biofiber's temperature, and at some point the water
evaporation will drastically increase (dew point).
Fire tube and water tube boilers have way-different transfer rates, BUT
they also have way-different life rates as well, guess which has the better
transfer rate, also has the shorter life ???? (yes it does).
If one looks to the air handler industry (fan coil) much like a cars
radiator, I can quote some numbers:
(remember this is hot water to air but working the reverse should be at
least 75% the same (air to water temp.)
Based at 6 gallons a minute hot water @ 180 f, and an incoming air temp of
70 f with 1800 cu ft/min, a 4 circuit triple pass exchanger with "75 sq/
ft" of surface area will transfer roughly 133,000 btu/hr of heat. (or about
40 degrees of heat rise on your air.)
Knowing this, now lets look at your situation.
75sq. ft. of transfer area, if the incoming "exhaust air" is moving at 1800
cu.ft/min. (converting this to engine size we would be roughly a 11.2L
(700cid) engine with about 80% volumetric efficiency, would be 560 cu in,
per revolution, so say running at 1800 rpm (std. generator speed) this
engine would ONLY produce 583 Cu ft/min. of exhaust so you would have to
triple the surface area to equal the original air flow...)
OK so now 225 sq. ft. of transfer surface, from a 11.2 L (700cid) engine
running at 1800 rpm would produce a temperature rise of 40 degrees on your
said biofiber AT a exhaust temperature of 180 f. BUT, your exhaust is (or
should be) in the area of 500f or a ratio of almost 3 to 1 so in theory your
biofiber should have a temperature rise of 160 f.
So NOW, assume that you do a dual pass (or segmented lateral exchanger) this
would up the biofiber's root temp (assuming it started at 70 f) from 70 f
to 300f (now reduce the efficiency of the exchanger to real time transfer of
say 1.0 to 0.7 (30% losses) and you wind up with biofiber coming out of the
auger at about 270 f
Next, one would have to factor the temperature coefficient of the transfer
medium into the calculation, steel (normal cold formed sheets have a factor
of roughly 0.8 per 1/8" of thickness, so we now need to adjust that
biofiber's output temp down to about 216 f (80% of the original) your water
is still becoming steam, but not supersteam.
End result... one pass through TWO exchangers of 225 sq ft. EACH, that are
1/8" in sheet thickness, that have DIRECT contact with 90+% of the biofiber
will take biofiber that was at 70 f and raise it to 216 f, BUT at what flow
rate ??? (well I would have to say, exchanger surface area "tri-ed") to
account for surface to volume conversion, 130 sq. ft. of surface would equal
1 cubic feet of biofiber per minute, so 225 x 2 (dual) = 450 sq. ft. this
would be 450 / 130 = 3.46 cu ft /min flow rate on the biofiber will yield
the stuff coming out at 216 f
A 10" diameter tube has a "per foot length" surface area of 377 sq. in, (or
2.6 sq. ft.) so your auger would have to be 173 ft. long.
As you move to a larger diameter, the 90% contact factor goes way down, so
you might have to run a 3 pass exchanger to get the dimensions to something
useable. (eg: a 20" diameter tube has a surface area of 5.23 sq. ft. per
foot of tube, therefore your dual exchanger would only have to be 86 ft
long, BUT.. your outlet temp would fall to about 170 f.
Final Things.... caking or etching.... I've made no account for these,
Also, if your flow rate is much lower, you can drastically reduce the length
of the exchanger tube..
If anyone see's a flaw (or flaws) in my calculations, please assist in
correction. (I could very well be WAY out to lunch).
Regards,
Greg Manning
Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
-----Original Message-----
From: gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org]On Behalf Of Norma McDonald
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 5:58 AM
To: gasification at listserv.repp.org
Subject: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
We are trying to reduce the moisture level in the biofibers that are
mechanically (screw press) separated after anaerobic digestion of manure.?
The moisture content is 65-70%, all tightly bound to the lignocellulosic
fibers (no free moisture).? We want to lower this using waste heat (250F -
500F air) from the generator down to ~20% moisture so that we can pelletize
for fuel pellets.? We are also thinking of directly gasifying these
materials.?
Dynamic air flow produces too much dust and fibers all over the process
area, so we are thinking about radiant heating in an auger.? For our first
installation, the flow rate requires removal/evaporation of 4 gallons per
minute.? How do I calculate the time and surface area required in order to
design the heat exchanger?
Norma McDonald
________________________________________________________________________
More new features than ever. Check out the new AOL Mail ! -
http://webmail.aol.com
_______________________________________________
Gasification mailing list
Gasification at listserv.repp.org
http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_listserv.repp.org
http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org
http://info.bioenergylists.org
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------------------------------
Message: 8
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 13:12:33 -0300 (ART)
From: Benjamin Domingo Bof <benjaminbof at yahoo.com.ar>
Subject: [Gasification] A VISION; CORVALLIS FARM IS A HEAVEN
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <984443.85665.qm at web57002.mail.re3.yahoo.com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1
MY DREAM LAST NIGHT; A VISION: CORVALLIS FARM IS THE HEAVEN
Benjamin Bof to woodgas
Reply
Last night we are awake thinking about Mac ask to make and store its wood
gas. Many remembers come back to me in my dream. My legacy of 10 acres in
Entre Rios province Argentine never used caused by sad family story. 15
acres bought 30 miles from Buenos Aires, Argentine for a girl friend.Another
passion story. I think in Mac and its Corvallis Farm. What they need , how
can we help his project. Biodiesel production is the begin of "fire train",
Lister running is the second stage. Electricity is the third stage.
Microwave oven for use his coil in heating limestone to obtain CO2 at 1200C
. Next stage sending this gas to wood chips in closed vessel to split
moisture content in wood. This way is generated "Syngas" with three times
higher calorific content. If we take an scuba compressor 3000 pounds /sq
inches is possibe to get methanol for biodiesel transesterification process.
When methanol condenses it gives refrigeration power.
Perhaps in the future car will run with trees and stones. This is the true
"Petrogas" home brewed.
God bless you. Benjamin
---------------------------------
Tarjeta de cr?dito Yahoo! de Banco Supervielle.Solicit? tu nueva Tarjeta de
cr?dito. De tu PC directo a tu casa.
Visit? www.tuprimeratarjeta.com.ar
------------------------------
Message: 9
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 08:19:34 -0800
From: "Art Krenzel" <phoenix98604 at msn.com>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <BAY108-DAV1577AA55E7E43C7EE15DC9B370 at phx.gbl>
Content-Type: text/plain; format=flowed; charset="iso-8859-1";
reply-type=original
Harry,
This sounds like an interesting process if it can generate sufficient
pressure to collapse cell walls.
I would appreciate the patent number so I can better evaluate the
technology.
Thank you.
Art Krenzel
Gasification listserve member
----- Original Message -----
From: "Hararat" <utechmech at netzero.com>
To: <gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 7:59 AM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
> In 1998 I began developing a process called the UGDFS (Ultra Gravity Dry
> Fractionation System). It uses coaxial boundary layer tevchnology to
> accelerate the slurries. The water is stripped off into the boundary
> layer. This process required little heating and there was some shearing
> effect happening at the boundary layer. Deomnstrations can be seen on
> video.
> I used this to try to dry chicken manure in 2000 for 1,000,000 layer hens
> in Neosho, Missouri for Moark Productions. They own the patent rights now
> and may be contacted for further development information. We suffered
> from plugging at the primary cyclone and I abandoned the process. Several
> others are similarly trying to accomplish the same with the coaxial
> boundary layer phenomenon. Terra Systems of Spanish Fork, Utah may have
> had success by now.
> The problem of lysing the cell walls was overcome by cenrtifigation as
> EIMCO (Hughes, Houston) were developing this in the UK. In our process we
> used a coaxial flow cyclone. The pressure developed on the cell walls was
> enough to implode them, hence releasing the moisture for adsorption into
> the boundary layer. Others have tried high pressure, pressure vessels
> (100,000 psig) for the purification of orange juice. This has been a
> batch process.
>
>
> Harry John Gatley, P.Eng.
> _______________________________________________
> Gasification mailing list
> Gasification at listserv.repp.org
> http://listserv.repp.org/mailman/listinfo/gasification_listserv.repp.org
> http://gasifiers.bioenergylists.org
> http://info.bioenergylists.org
>
------------------------------
Message: 10
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 08:44:05 -0800
From: "Mark Ludlow" <mark at ludlow.com>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
<gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Message-ID: <016b01c86428$80ef1240$82cd36c0$@com>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
How about the Krupps pump which alternately accelerates and decelerates
particles? It works pretty good in releasing sarcoplasm without depending
solely on heat denaturzation. But releasing nucleic moisture or interstitial
water is still mechanical whereas elimination of hydrated water requires
heat of some nature (Right?)
Mark
-----Original Message-----
From: gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:gasification-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of Art Krenzel
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 8:20 AM
To: Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
Harry,
This sounds like an interesting process if it can generate sufficient
pressure to collapse cell walls.
I would appreciate the patent number so I can better evaluate the
technology.
Thank you.
Art Krenzel
Gasification listserve member
----- Original Message -----
From: "Hararat" <utechmech at netzero.com>
To: <gasification at listserv.repp.org>
Sent: Thursday, January 31, 2008 7:59 AM
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
> In 1998 I began developing a process called the UGDFS (Ultra Gravity Dry
> Fractionation System). It uses coaxial boundary layer tevchnology to
> accelerate the slurries. The water is stripped off into the boundary
> layer. This process required little heating and there was some shearing
> effect happening at the boundary layer. Deomnstrations can be seen on
> video.
> I used this to try to dry chicken manure in 2000 for 1,000,000 layer hens
> in Neosho, Missouri for Moark Productions. They own the patent rights now
> and may be contacted for further development information. We suffered
> from plugging at the primary cyclone and I abandoned the process. Several
> others are similarly trying to accomplish the same with the coaxial
> boundary layer phenomenon. Terra Systems of Spanish Fork, Utah may have
> had success by now.
> The problem of lysing the cell walls was overcome by cenrtifigation as
> EIMCO (Hughes, Houston) were developing this in the UK. In our process we
> used a coaxial flow cyclone. The pressure developed on the cell walls was
> enough to implode them, hence releasing the moisture for adsorption into
> the boundary layer. Others have tried high pressure, pressure vessels
> (100,000 psig) for the purification of orange juice. This has been a
> batch process.
>
>
> Harry John Gatley, P.Eng.
> _______________________________________________
> Gasification mailing list
> Gasification at listserv.repp.org
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Message: 11
Date: Thu, 31 Jan 2008 08:53:50 -0800
From: "Tom Miles" <tmiles at trmiles.com>
Subject: Re: [Gasification] Biofiber drying quantification
To: "'Discussion of biomass pyrolysis and gasification'"
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Benjamin, I think there is a used Martezo gasifier sitting in a container at
BTG in the Netherlands if you want one.
Norma,
You'll be lucky to mechanically dewater the solids below about 50% MC on a
consistent basis. They have a high water holding capacity which is what
makes them such a good compost. Add char (from the Martezo gasifier) to the
solids and compost them to rebuild the soil (see
http://terrapreta.bioenergylists.org/). The high surface area and high
moisture also makes it difficult to release the moisture with just heating.
High velocity air enhances drying above 40% MC. The most practical dryers
are still rotary drum dryers with high recirculation to reduce exhaust, VOC
emissions and dryer fires. For small scale systems you can use batch or belt
dryers.
Some indirect steam heating is now used for drying distillers grains and
solubles (DGS) which is similar in characteristics to your solids. It is
best used in combination with air drying. There a few commercial dryers of
this kind. Some are supplied by the ethanol plant suppliers. See the
Rosinaire http://www.barr-rosin.com/products/rosinaire-paddle-dryer.asp some
heat transfer coefficients are cited in their literature.
Superheated steam drying is also effective for finely divided solids. (see
Exergy Steam Drying http://www.barr-rosin.com/commonpdfs/exergybrochure.pdf)
However I understand that they have had problems feeding light solids into
these dryers.
Tom
Tom
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End of Gasification Digest, Vol 19, Issue 28
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