[Stoves] Lowering emissions

[Crispin Pemberton-Pigott]

Dear Tom

I am really sure there is such data for South Africa and probably 
Mozambique, a country on which there is little biomass data but that one is 
likely because of the present initiative to do something about it.

Red Oak is likely to be similar to Black Wattle which is very common as a 
planted village biofuel in the region.

Salty hardwoods are strongly preferred because of the slow burning hot coals 
but they are diminishing in most areas.  Pine is sometimes common but 
disliked.

I am collecting the species used in Swaziland and Lesotho during the 
baseline surveys.  Jacaranda (an exotic) is surprisingly common in 
Swaziland.

Malawi is mostly using indigenous, until it is gone, then a lot of pigeon 
pea stalks.

Regards
Crispin

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Properties of Species used for cookstoves

It would be useful to identify the species that are used in stoves. We can
start with the douglas fir softwood that has been used by Aprovecho and in
the residential testing. Red oak is the hardwood that is the main reference
fuel for heating stoves in the US. Canmet's emissions testing used douglas
fir and red oak. We can comparese the properties of these hardwoods and
softwood to the many species used in other parts of the world using
available information for density, typical moisture, ash and heating value,
chemical composition and burning behavior. The hardwood vs softwood
classification covers the main physical differences.

I have seen some good area surveys in West africa that identify principal
species used for fuel and charcoal. I have not seen similar information for
Central america, Asia or other locations.

Tom