[Stoves] Metals in biofuels

[Tom Miles]

Frank,

For evaluating potential problems for slagging and fouling in gasifiers and
combustors (e.g. stoves) we use ten elements in the ash reported as oxides:

Silica (SiO2)
Aluminum    (Al)
Iron    (Fe)
Titanium (TiO2)
Phosphorous (P2O5)
Calcium (CaO)
Magnesium (MgO)
Sulfur (SO3)
Sodium (Na2O)
Potassium (K2O)

Plus
Chloride (Cl)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is measured to estimate losses on fusion. 

We measure total chloride in the fuel and of source sulfur. These elements
volatilize during combustion and can cause fusion and deposits. 

You can see how we use these analyses in the report, "Alkali Deposits in
Biomass Boiler", TRM Miles 1995 lined from my website www.trmiles.com or
directly at http://www.trmiles.com/alkali/alkali.htm

Many thanks for your help with the Gasifier Experimenters Kit (GEK) at ETHOS
this weekend. It was a big distraction for Charlie to set it up but I think
it was worthwhile. 

Kind regards,

Tom
  
  
 

-----Original Message-----
From: stoves-bounces at listserv.repp.org
[mailto:stoves-bounces at listserv.repp.org] On Behalf Of frank
Sent: Tuesday, January 27, 2009 4:35 PM
To: Discussion of biomass cooking stoves
Subject: [Stoves] Metals in biofuels


Dear Stovers, charcoal makers and brick makers,

Of the list of elements below I am wanting to know the ones that would 
be of interest in regards to causing problems, volatile toxins and of 
nutrient interest.
I have already added As, Cd, Pb, Zn, to my list for possible toxins.
I have added Ca, Mg, K, P for possible nutrients in left over char and ash
I have added Na, and K that may be problems in making an ash that  forms 
blocks (?).

Any comments of problems or concern or interest of the following will 
help me to put together a test program for testing biofuels.

Thanks (again)

Frank

Aluminum    (Al)
Boron    (B)
Cobalt    (Co)
Chromium    (Cr)
Copper    (Cu)
Iron    (Fe)
Manganese    (Mn)
Molybdenum    (Mo)
Nickel    (Ni)
Selenium    (Se)
Chloride (Cl)
Nitrate (NO3)
Phosphate (PO4)
Sulfate (SO4)


Frank Shields
Soil Control Lab
42 Hangar way
Watsonville, CA  95076
(831) 724-5422 tel
(831) 724-3188 fax
frank at compostlab.com
www.compostlab.com



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